3D printing — or additive manufacturing — builds an object layer by layer from a digital 3D model. Instead of cutting material away from a block (subtractive manufacturing), material is added only where it's needed. That makes it possible to produce complex shapes that would otherwise be difficult or expensive, and to go from idea to physical part in hours rather than weeks.
How does 3D printing work?
The process is fundamentally the same regardless of technology:
- Modelling. A 3D model is created in CAD software or downloaded as a ready-made file. The most common file format is STL.
- Slicing. A program (a slicer) splits the model into thin horizontal layers and calculates the machine's movements.
- Printing. The printer builds the part layer by layer — often 0.1–0.3 mm per layer.
- Post-processing. Support material is removed, surfaces are sanded or treated as needed.
Want to know how to get a good file to print? Read our guide on how to export STL files for 3D printing.
Which technologies exist?
The three most common technologies are:
- FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) — melted plastic filament laid down layer by layer. Robust, affordable and the most common.
- SLA/DLP — liquid resin cured with light. Delivers very fine detail and smooth surfaces.
- SLS — powder sintered with a laser. Strong parts without support material, common in industry.
We cover the differences in more detail in FDM vs SLA vs SLS.
What can you make?
Almost anything that fits in the build volume: prototypes, spare parts, fixtures, figurines, enclosures, design objects and functional parts. The material choice determines how the part handles heat, load and UV light — for a quick comparison see PLA vs PETG.
Summary
3D printing makes it possible to produce physical parts directly from a digital model, layer by layer. The technology you choose and the material drive the result — and you don't need to know it all yourself. Got an idea or a file? Upload it and get a price right away.